A HISTORY OF THE PARISH
ST. MARY, STAR OF THE SEA, FAR ROCKAWAY

INDEX
The Missionary Pastors of St. Mary’s
An Interesting Sidelight
Early notable laity
THE SCHOOL
The Sisters of St. Joseph
The Brothers of the Sacred Heart Cornell Cemetery
St. Mary's Third Pastor
The Second Church
The “Bell” of St. Mary's
Life in Far Rockaway in the Late 1800’S
Parish Life in the Late 1800’S
The Priestly life of a parishioner of St. Mary's
St. Mary's Fifth Pastor
St. Joseph's Hospital
 
St. Gertrude's in Edgemere
Missions at Inwood and Hewlett
The Great Fire of '74

St. Mary’s is the fifth-oldest parish in Queens and one of the oldest in the Greater Metropolitan area, going back to the days of the first beach resorts in the New York City area. The Marine Pavilion was the first grand bathing hotel established in Far Rockaway, at approximately Plainview Avenue between B. 19 and 20 Sts. in 1833. According to Sharp’s History of the Diocese of Brooklyn, the Rev. Michael Curran celebrated the first Catholic Mass in 1847 in a hotel owned by William Caffrey. By 1850 summer Masses were celebrated by the Rev. Edward John Maginnis (or McGinnis), pastor of St. Monica’s in Jamaica, in a tent for the burgeoning summer crowd. Thus, the history of Catholic life in Far Rockaway is older than the Diocese of Brooklyn itself, which was established only in 1853.

In January 1851 a plot of land was donated by Andrew Brady as a site for a new Catholic church, to be built by local men who contributed their labor and money. The cornerstone of the first church of St. Mary, Star of the Sea was laid on August 15, 1852. This building was located at approximately the site of the old Marine Pavilion, which in turn later became the location of St. Joseph’s (now St. John’s Episcopal) Hospital. The first Mass in the new church was in 1857 by the then-pastor of St. Monica’s, the Rev. Anthony Farley. This first church was located on ground adjoining St. Joseph’s convent on Central Avenue, and was reached from Broadway. It lay back from the road and worshippers climbed over a “stile” to get there. There are references to a parish schoolhouse adjacent to it as early as 1872, which may have been used for Sunday school and parish meetings. It may also have served as the original parish school building when the Sisters of St. Joseph came in 1877.

The Missionary Pastors of St. Mary’s:   St. Mary’s began its life as a mission outpost of Jamaica. The Irish-born Rev. Michael Curran was the “circuit-riding” missionary assigned by Archbishop John Hughes of New York for Queens and Suffolk. He had been ordained in 1826 at Mount St. Mary’s Seminary in Emmetsburg, Maryland, and was to establish numerous mission outposts throughout Long Island. While servicing St. Monica’s parish in Jamaica, he came to Far Rockaway and it was he who celebrated the first Mass here in William Caffrey’s Hotel in 1847. He died as pastor of Our Lady of Mount Carmel parish in Astoria in 1856 after 30 years in the priesthood and is buried in Holy Cross Cemetery in Flatbush.

The priests who succeeded Father Curran at St. Monica’s church in Jamaica took care of Far Rockaway’s Catholics between 1848 and 1868. In 1848 the Reverend Edward Maginnis, born in Ireland and ordained in 1837 at Mount St. Mary’s, took over the mission at Far Rockaway, and in 1850 began holding services under a tent for the large summer congregation. He was a doughty Long Island missionary who had built the first church of St. Patrick’s in Huntington, Long Island, in 1849 and celebrated the first Mass in Glen Cove. It was to him Andrew Brady donated the land at today’s Plainview Ave. and B. 19 St. for the erection of a church in Far Rockaway. In a small irony, Father Maginnis was named the first resident pastor of St. Mary, Star of the Sea on Court St. in Brooklyn in 1855. He became a professor of the seminary faculty at Niagara University in 1858 where he died in 1861.

St. Mary’s cornerstone-laying took place on August 15, 1852. Archbishop Hughes of New York was unable to preach at the occasion because he had sailed to Halifax the previous week in search of priests and religious for his growing diocese. So he sent in his stead the Rev. John Murray Forbes, a notable minor figure in nineteenth century theological controversies.

Father Farley succeeded Father Maginnis as resident pastor of St. Monica’s in 1855 and continued the service to Far Rockaway. Father Farley was also born in Ireland in 1814 and ordained in 1843 at Rome’s Lateran Seminary. During his tenure the first St. Mary’s church was completed in 1857. One of the earliest newspaper references to a service in Far Rockaway discovered so far was one conducted by Father Farley, the marriage of John Gedney to Maria Fleming, reported in the Hempstead Inquirer on August 15, 1857. He is numbered among those Brooklyn priests who during this “brick and mortar” missionary period were also noted as clerical authors and translators. Father Farley died in 1890.  (Return to the Top)

AN INTERESTING SIDELIGHT:  The Rev. John Murray Forbes, who preached on August 15, 1852 at the cornerstone-laying of St. Mary, Star of the Sea’s first church building (located on the site of now-St. John’s Episcopal Hospital) reflected an interesting phenomenon of 19th century inter-religious activity. In 1830 Forbes was ordained a priest of the Episcopal Church, and in 1834 was named rector of St. Luke’s Episcopal Church in Manhattan. He was a noted intellectual, and was known as part of the so-called “American Oxford movement”, whose leader in England was the Anglican priest, John Henry Newman, who sought to restore to his church many of the sacramental practices of the Catholic Church. Forbes also was criticized for instituting “Catholic” practices in his Protestant parish. For example, in 1847 the first religious order for men in the entire Anglican Church since Henry VIII was born in Forbes’ parish: the “Society of the Holy Cross”. Newman and other English Tractarians, as they were known, began to enter the Catholic Church officially when they became convinced it was the true church founded by Christ.

Forbes was moving in a similar direction, and on October 9, 1849 he resigned as pastor of St. Luke’s. On November 21, 1849 he was received into the Catholic Church, causing a furor in the American Episcopal Church. On November 16, 1850 was ordained a Catholic priest (his wife having died) by Bishop Mc Closkey of Albany. He served 13 months at Nativity parish in Manhattan. On June 1, 1852: Archbishop Hughes dedicated St. Anne’s, a former Presbyterian church, and named Forbes its pastor, where he lived with his sons. Forbes worked well there with 9 different assistant priests over the course of 7 years. Hughes seemed to trust Forbes, despite his general mistrust of converts, and at times called upon his as a substitute for speaking engagements. Thus it was that Forbes was sent to speak at the cornerstone laying of the church of St. Mary, Star of the Sea in Far Rockaway on August 15, 1852. In 1852 he served as advisor to Bishop Reynolds of Charleston at the Baltimore Council of Bishops. In 1855: was awarded a doctorate by Pope Pius IX. In 1857 he visited Rome and played a minor role in the foundation of the American College. Dr. Forbes was consulted by John Henry Newman on various matters, and was regarded by many as a potential future bishop.

In 1859, to the shock and sadness of Archbishop Hughes, Forbes reverted to the Episcopal Church, re-married and was re-admitted to its ministry. From 1870 to1872 he served a contentious term as Dean of General Theological Seminary in Manhattan. In 1885 he died in Elizabeth, N.J.  (Return to the Top)

 

EARLY NOTABLE LAITY OF ST. MARY’S:  When Father Curran came to the colony of Catholics at the then-fashionable resort of Far Rockaway, he found there a group of laypeople willing to sacrifice to make the practice of their faith a reality.

Father Curran celebrated Far Rockaway’s first Mass in William Caffrey’s Hotel in 1847. Caffrey’s name survives locally as "Caffrey Avenue" (B. 17 St.). Another notable layman was Andrew Brady who in 1851 donated the plot of land on which the first church of St. Mary was to be built, very near the current location of St. John’s Hospital. The next generation raised up another prominent immigrant son of St. Mary’s. William Trist Bailey was a prominent real estate developed who came from England and was the developer of Bayswater (1871), which he named after his native town. He also personally paid for the laying out and paving of Central Avenue (then Catherine St.) south of Mott Avenue. Bailey is reported to have built the first brick home in the Rockaways in the early 1880’s. Other members of St. Mary’s whose names live on in some streets around here are: Healy (the Justice of the Peace in the 1880’s), Mc Bride, Meehan, Heyson, Muhlbach, and Roche. Other familiar names of those days included Mimnaugh, Brandenberg, Coleman, Prendergast and Wynn.

The second pastor of St. Mary’s was the Rev. Michael J. Murphy, born in 1842 and ordained at Our Lady of the Angels Seminary, Niagara, in 1870. He was first assigned to St. Peter’s in Brooklyn, but seems to have assisted Father Brunemann in Far Rockaway at times. He became pastor here upon the death of Father Brunemann in 1874. During his tenure he oversaw the establishment in 1877 of both St. Mary’s Academy and St. Mary’s parish school by the Sisters of St. Joseph. He built the first parish rectory, later remodeled into the first convent for the Josephite Sisters. He seems to have secured additional property for the parish. During his pastorate the 40 Hours Devotion seems to have been an important annual event, and the choir was quite active. He also delivered a widely reported lecture at the Woodsburgh (Woodmere) Lyceum regarding Daniel O’Connell, Ireland’s Liberator, reflecting to some degree the interests of his parishioners, but also a topic in which the local non-Catholics of the day were apparently interested. Father Murphy led special services here upon the death of Pope Pius IX in 1878. His sister Julia married William A. Wynn of a prominent parish family. In 1878 parishioner William Trist Bailey developed the community of Bayswater. In 1879 Father Murphy was transferred to the pastorate of St. Anthony’s church in Greenpoint. He died in 1889.  (Return to the Top)

History of the Parish School

St. Mary’s is unique in having been served by not one, but two Catholic schools: the parochial school and the Academy.

The school was at first located in the old rectory of St. Mary’s, next to the old, first church at the site of the hospital today. On Sept. 5, 1877, Star of the Sea Academy opened with twenty day-pupils and several boarders. The first principal was Sister Mary Ignatius Mahoney, and the teachers included Sister Eusebius Scanlon. At times over the years the academy was referred to as “St. Joseph’s Academy”. The convent for the Sisters of Saint Joseph of both the academy and the parochial school was on Central Ave., now B. 20 St.   (Return to the Top)

The Josephite Sisters, under the forward -looking direction of Mother Mary Louis, decided to turn the academy building into a hospital in May 1905. The Academy then moved to an old hotel across the street on Broadway, and eventually to the former Patrick Donohue property at New Haven and Central Avenues, where the Academy continued to prosper until 1934 when it closed. The old academy building was reactivated for school purposes from 1949 until the mid-fifties when it served as a kindergarten of the parish school.

The parochial school also began operation in 1877, starting out with 60 pupils. Sister Mary Bonaventure Phelan was the first principal, a position she held until 1909. The parish school moved into the old church itself in 1885 when the second church was erected at the corner of Clark and Catherine Streets (New Haven Avenue and B. 20th St.). As the parish population grew, the pressures on the old building were intense. The parish school was at a critical stage in its development.

Such was the situation in 1904 when the Rev. Herbert Farrell became pastor. Alfred Bellot gives us an informative contemporary summary in his 1917 History of the Rockaways:

Father Farrell had been a member of the Public School Board of Education at Westbury, and later on its president, the first Roman Catholic priest ever to occupy such a position in the State of New York. This experience strengthened his conviction that an up-to-date parochial school is the most important feature in a successful parish. His first efforts were to raise funds to realize this need. Sensing considerable prejudice against the scheme, he began the publication of a Parish Monthly to create a sentiment favoring Catholic education. The little periodical, aided by pulpit talks, quietly but effectively did its work, and in the fall of 1908 work was begun on the new school, an acre of land having been secured. The building, which is of Tudor Gothic design, is of brick and terra cotta, and is known as the Lyceum…The entire cost, including land and equipment, was one hundred and forty thousand dollars.

The architects of the building are reported to have been “Lehman and O’Kane of Far Rockaway” and the contractors P.J. Brennan and Son of Manhattan. The new building opened with about 200 students, which had increased to four hundred by 1917.

The new building brought a new principal, Sister Leo Gonzaga Mc Arthur, who was in turn followed by a succession of memorable women religious (with the year each began her term): 1919-Sister Mary Damien Tierney; 1924-Sister Mary Redempta Dykeman; 1930-Sister Saint Philomene Salveson; 1931-Sister Francis Loretto Dunn; 1939-Sister Anna Joseph Hartigan; 1940-Sister Marie Noel Were; 1946-Sister Alphonse Liguori Lynch; 1950-Sister Louis Gonzaga Leahy; 1956-Sister Mary Alexandrine Daly; 1958-Sister Devota Maria Bligh; 1964-Sister Stella Francis Starr; 1967-Sister Helen Theresa Neenan; 1969-Sister Mary Judith Summerville; 1972-Sister Marie Perpetua Butler; 1978-Sister Winifred Mc Kevitt. In 1981 Sister Regina Delaney, O. S. U., became the first non-Josephite principal of St. Mary’s. The Sisters of St. Joseph withdrew from the school entirely and the convent was closed in June 1983.

Another 1909 innovation in the new building was the arrival of the brothers of the Sacred Heart to teach the upper boys’ grades. The first three were Brothers Felix, Adelard, and a younger Brother. Brother Adelard succeeded Brother Felix as boys’ principal, and in 1912 Brother Matthias became director, administering and teaching until 1918. Brother Timothy was in charge from 1919 to 1925, followed by Brother Matthias again, by Brother Leopold in 1931 and by Brother Valerian in 1937. The last boys’ division principal in 1940 was Brother Valerian, and the last brothers teaching in the school were Brothers Leo, Kenneth and Warren Laudumiey.

Female lay teachers taught the lower boys’ grades for many years, as well as girls in later years. Their names are dear to many alumni: Angela Dwyer, Elizabeth Stippell, Lillian Tocci, Lillian Roche, Mary Carlucci, Mary Jones, Catherine Barden and Edna Murphy, to name but a few.

Under current principal Angela Brucia, St. Mary’s achieved the prestigious Middle States accreditation in 1994, flourishes with an enrollment of over 360 and growing (K -8), features music and computer education, and boasts an alumni association of over 1400 members. A long-term building reconstruction plan is underway that will enable St. Mary’s to grow and serve Far Rockaway Catholics in the Third Millennium.  (Return to the Top)

THE BROTHERS OF THE SACRED HEART

The story of how the Brothers of the Sacred Heart came to teach in St. Mary’s School illustrates the importance of both apostolic zeal and personal contacts. The person who was the link between Far Rockaway and the Brothers was James J. Kirwin, a Brooklyn salesman of Catholic publications, religious medals and awards. In his travels he came into contact with the Brothers in Charleston, South Carolina, and they came to be his regular hosts in his travels, as he provided them with residence when they came to New York.

Father Farrell mentioned to his friend, James Kirwin, who owned a villa on Long Island, that looking for teaching brothers to teach the boys in his parish school. Kirwin praised the Sacred Heart Brothers so greatly that Father Farrell wrote their Provincial, who visited St. Mary’s and agreed to send the Brothers.

When the new school building opened in September 1909, the Sacred Heart Brothers also began their ministry in Far Rockaway. Three Brothers were sent to open the school: Brothers Felix, Director, Adelard, and a young brother. They taught the higher grammar grades, while lady teachers taught the lower. The Sisters of St. Joseph had charge of the girls in the same building. Brother Felix, who was getting on in years and had barely recovered from a recent illness, was a man guided by the old Southern traditions and methods. His difficulty adapting to northern ways, particularly the heterogeneity of the population, caused him to return South at the end of the session. Brother Adelard served as director until January 1912, when Brother Matthias, noted for his painstaking teaching and genial disposition, succeeded him.

Brother Timothy became director in 1919. Upon his death years later, Dean Robinson, then St. Mary’s pastor, said of him:

The best altar boys I have met were trained by Brother Timothy. My own happiest recollection of those six years are the little five-minute chats on Monday after the Altar boys’ meetings. How proud he was to see the boy-chairman call the meeting to order and conduct it in the orderly fashion he himself inspired. How he would enjoy the speech every member had to make at his initiation. Every boy he taught is a living tribute to him.

In 1925, Brother Matthias succeeded Brother Timothy, being succeeded by Brother Leonard in 1931.

The Brothers lived in a small and inconvenient house until Dean Robinson was able to execute Father Farrell’s plans for a new rectory. The old rectory, situated approximately where the statue of St. Therese now stands, became the Brothers’ house

Under Brother Leopold’s administration the school continued to grow in numbers and esteem. Religious vocations were cultivated and several boys from the parish entered the Brothers own novitiate. Brother Valerian became director in 1937. He proved to be the final Brother-director of the parish school. Under the pressure of economic hard times, the parish terminated the Brothers’ service at St. Mary’s in June 1940. The Sacred Heart Brothers continue their ministry in the Diocese of Brooklyn today at their school in East Elmhurst, Monsignor Mc Clancy Memorial High School.  (Return to the Top)

THE CORNELL CEMETERY: ROCKAWAY’S ONLY LANDMARK

Many of us in Far Rockaway are utterly unfamiliar with this peninsula’s only officially designated landmark, the Cornell Family Cemetery, one of the oldest in New York. It is located on the west side of Caffrey Avenue north of New Haven Avenue, roughly opposite the New Haven Manor Adult Residence, and adjacent to 1457 Gateway Boulevard. We can presume with some assurance that there would have been no Catholics or parishioners of St. Mary’s buried here. Yet since it lies within the parish boundaries and is of interest in itself, we will take a brief look at its story.

Richard Cornell (1625-1693) was the second non-indigenous owner of property on the Rockaway peninsula. In 1685 an Englishman named John Palmer bought the land of Far Rockaway from the Indian chief Tackapousha for 31 English pounds. Palmer sold most of it to Cornell on August 20, 1687, and he settled there with his wife and five sons in 1690 in a large house near what is now B. 19th St. between Plainview Ave. and Seagirt Blvd. This property became the location of first hotel on the peninsula in 1833, the Marine Pavilion, which is now the location of the Learning Center of St. John’s Hospital and several private homes. A Quaker, he is considered the first European settler on the Rockaway peninsula.

The Cornell graveyard contains the remains of many Cornell family members and friends extending over several centuries. Those resting there include Thomas Cornell (1703-1764) who was for 24 years a representative in the N.Y. State colonial legislature. Although it has been recently fenced in and is periodically cleaned up, unfortunately it needs a great deal of attention.  (Return to the Top)

ST. MARY’S THIRD PASTOR: The Rev. Henry J. Zimmer was born in Brooklyn in 1847. He studied at the North American College in Rome and was ordained in 1872. He served as pastor here from 1879 until 1896 when he resigned for health reasons. He died in 1920 as the chaplain at Mary Immaculate Hospital in Jamaica. In 1883 Father Zimmer secured the property for the second church building, the “old church” that burned in 1974. He also erected a new rectory adjacent to the church, where the statue of St. Therese now stands. Some of the parish benefactors of the time included John Kelly (who donated the large oil painting of “Star of the Sea” which hung over the altar), Edward Roche (who donated the church bell) and James Caffrey. The schools of the parish continued to flourish during this time, usually presenting a fall and spring entertainment to the public. He was occasionally host to visiting bishops and clergymen who came to the seaside for refreshment. An annual lecture on a religious topic by a prominent clergyman also became standard practice at this era of formal speeches as entertainment. Father Zimmer left the parish to his successor completely free of debt.  (Return to the Top)

ST. MARY’S SECOND CHURCH: In 1883 Father Zimmer purchased the land at the corner of Clark and Catherine Streets (now New Haven Avenue and Beach 20th St.) for a new church. It was completed in 1885 at a cost of $28,000, built in a Romanesque style and designed to seat 600. The architect of the new church was Thomas F. Houghton of Brooklyn, the contractor Patrick Byrne of Jersey City, and the mason Thomas Mc Goff. The major donors included J.J. Campbell, James Donohue, T. Dollard, Patrick Donohue, William Caffrey, Mrs. Nathaniel P. Jarvis and Mrs. D. Mc Cabe. The first Mass in the church was celebrated June 14, 1885; and the first child baptized there was David Foster Cronin, son of Charles and Helen on July 5, 1885. Bishop Loughlin officially dedicated it on Sunday, August 16, 1884; the preacher for the occasion was the bishop of London, Ontario, Dr. Walsh. This church was enhanced and renovated from time to time over the years, the latest being under Father Mc Kenna in 1973. The church burned to the ground in an electrical fire in February 1974. Its 1897 church bell is enshrined in the new church above the Blessed Sacrament chapel.  (Return to the Top)

THE “BELL” OF ST. MARY’S: A notable remaining artifact of this era is our church bell. It is practically the only surviving artifact from the old St. Mary’s church, which burned to the ground in February 1974. It now hangs above the Blessed Sacrament chapel and is visible through the skylight. The inscription on the bell reads as follows:

Given by Edward Roche
In memory of his parents David and Ellen Roche

A.D. 1897

“Sancta Maria, Ora pro Nobis”
Made at Mc Nally Foundry
Baltimore, Maryland 1897

Edward Roche grew up in Far Rockaway. His father David was a native of County Cork and the owner of resort properties in Far Rockaway, including Roche’s Beach (now B. 17th St.). They are not to be confused with another Edward Roche, a builder who constructed the rectories of St. Mary’s, St. Gertrude’s and renovated that of Our Lady of Good Counsel. When you pray before the Blessed Sacrament, look up at the bell and say a prayer for all the benefactors and past parishioners of our parish over the years.

 St. Mary's fourth pastor, the Rev Michael G. Flannery was born in 1861 in Brooklyn and ordained in 1884 after studies at Le Grand Seminaire in Montreal, Canada. He pastored St. Mary’s from 1896 until 1904. During this period the Maris Stella Council of the Knights of Columbus was founded (1898), making it one of the oldest councils in New York State. Father Flannery was on occasion a lecturer at the Catholic Summer Institute at Cliff Haven, New York, which was a kind of “Catholic Chatauqua”, or intellectual and cultural camp meeting. He published his own religious poetry in Catholic magazines of the time. He subsequently served at the parishes of St. Paul and Queen of All Saints in Brooklyn. He died in 1930.

The Brooklyn Eagle of October 23, 1898 carried a feature about the work of the priests in the “rural districts” of Queens and Long Island which gives us some insight into Father Flannery. Bishop McDonnell, who succeeded Bishop Loughlin in 1892, adopted the strategy of sending  priests, after a few initial years in Brooklyn under a seasoned pastor, for their first pastorate in “the country” where parishes and priests had been few and far between. In addition to the resulting growth in the number and buildings of Catholic parishes in Long Island, there was the concomitant problem of isolation and lack of support for the thinly spread out priests who were more accustomed to the closer quarters of city parish life. The Eagle reported their pastoral strategy:

 “To guard against isolation and lonesomeness the country rectors have organized themselves into the Roman Catholic Clerical Country Club, north side and south side. They hold conferences, discuss the problems of the day, consider different phases and schools of architecture. They exchange pulpits and give retreats and in many ways help one another to bear the burden of the ministry. They are about to engage in an explanation of the decrees of the Vatican council and the compilation of a new catechism. The following sketches of some of the bright members will be interesting:

            “The Reverend M. G. Flannery was born in 1861 and educated in St. Patrick’s Academy, St. Francis College and in Grand Seminary, Montreal, where he was ordained by the late Archbishop Fabre in June 1884. He was assigned to St. Ambrose parish, this city, and after eight years was appointed rector of Our Lady of Sorrows, Corona, and a few years later was transferred to Our Lady, Star of the Sea, Far Rockaway. Father Flannery is of a decidedly literary and artistic taste and is an authority on church liturgy and art, is familiar with all the schools of medical thought and archaeological lore, and is called the Rossi of America. For five years he served as director of studies to the Fenelon Reading Circle, the exclusive Catholic literary set of this borough, and brought it up to its present high standard.”

 A little later in the article comes a profile of another “rural” rector who would succeed Father Flannery as pastor of St. Mary’s in 1904: “The Rev. Herbert F. Farrell, rector of Westbury, was born in 1865 in St. Paul’s parish, and was educated in St. Francis College and St. Mary’s Seminary, Baltimore. He was ordained by Bishop Loughlin, February 8, 1888, and was assistant to the Rev. D. J. Hickey at St. Francis Xavier Church, Sixth Avenue and Carroll Street, for eight year. He founded and guided the successful Xavier Club attached to the parish and the Reading Circle. He is a man of high literary attainments and a connoisseur on artistic subjects, a delightful singer, a forcible public orator and church builder, and a veritable apostle, having founded a church at Mineola recently and cleared it of debt.”   (Return to the Top)

LIFE IN FAR ROCKAWAY IN THE LATE 1800’S
Parishes typically reflect the era and culture in which they exist, and St. Mary’s reflects its environment at this time as well. Far Rockaway was then an unincorporated village, a part of the town of Hempstead, which itself was part of Queens county, and not yet a part of the City of New York. Its population swelled greatly in the summertime, but it was struggling to retain the aura of gentility of its halcyon days of the period 1833-1869. The summer population flocked to the many “cottages” and to the 30-plus “hotels” in the village, large short-term boarding houses with porches and dining rooms. The streets were unpaved and dust was a great problem. Central Avenue farther away from the ocean was referred to as “the wooded district”. Liveries and stables dotted the village, and horseracing was a common pastime. Pigs and hens were commonly kept in backyards and barns, occasionally destroying a neighbor’s garden. One news item in 1883 reported that Patrick Kane lost a valuable cow, which poisoned itself by drinking paint. On another occasion a mad bull got loose near the train depot, hurling into the air a man who tried to stop him with his cane. Debates over the installation of sewers and street paving were incessant. Occasionally a hotel would burn down, evoking calls for establishment of a fire department for the village. The nearby hamlets or “branch villages” of Lawrence, Cedarhurst, Woodsburgh, Westville (Inwood) and “Hewletts” looked to Far Rockaway as their center for shopping, lawyers and other services. “Base ball clubs” such as the “Young Rocks”, the “Little Rocks” and the “Dauntless” contested on the diamond against teams from all over Long Island. Goat races, amateur theatricals and “hops”, or socials, formed a regular part of the social scene here, as did numerous clubhouses, such as the Colonia, the Columbia, the Mikado, and the Sylvan. Fraternal and literary groups abounded, such as the Masons, Foresters, Norma Circle, the Literary Society and the Current Topic Society. The Far Rockaway Bowling Club, the Bayswater Yacht Club, and the Waldorf Opera House gave a wide range of recreation to their patrons.

Local politics generated much heat, and the weekly newspaper reports on the court proceedings showed a startling array of crimes: assaults, burglary, drunkenness, domestic disputes and occasionally murder—as much from the nearby hamlets as from the village. Marriages, funerals, scandals, fishing reports and marine misadventures paraded in turn through the local papers. Publication of the names of those who rented or visited for the summer was a staple of public comment. Any notable or almost-notable public figure was breathlessly regarded as a sign of better times to come. New York Tribune writer Whitelaw Reid, the friends of Oscar Wilde, and other contemporary stars whose names are now unfamiliar to us, each in turn generated their share of journalistic anticipation. The preponderant amount of newsprint was devoted to real estate deals, new construction and renovation, business openings and closings and entrepreneurial news.

The social fabric of the community was largely European. Most press attention was devoted to the white Protestant establishment, particularly in the hamlets, while Far Rockaway increasingly reflected an Irish and Catholic nomenclature after the Civil War. By the mid-1890’s, services in the Italian language at St. Mary’s were offered by visiting preachers. Italian names started to surface in news from Westville (Inwood) and there was an occasional news item referring to African-Americans. Some of these references reflect the popular stereotypes of the times. The names of Jewish residents and merchants began to emerge in the 1880’s. There was a noticeable toleration toward all religions. The newspapers reported the Christmas and Easter services of all the major churches, as well the social calendars of the Protestant clergy.

On several occasions different pastors of St. Mary’s are reported to have delivered a stinging sermon on the evils of alcohol, perhaps reflecting a particular problem of the flock. One gets a little flavor of the local color from this item in the Hempstead Inquirer of April 26, 1878.

[Far] Rockaway has 3 churches, 6 butchers, 3 bakers, 3 groceries, 3 barbers, 3 doctors, did have 3 druggists, 3 candy stores, 3 stationery stores, and last, though not least, about 35 liquor stores.

In December of 1885, the South Side Observer reported that the Catholic (Father Zimmer), Episcopal and Presbyterian pastors in the town held a meeting with the 42 saloon and hotel owners and a citizen committee from each church. Their goal was to arrange a mutual agreement that the saloons would stay closed on Sunday until at least 1 P.M., after the end of church services. This must be one of the earliest examples of ecumenism in action in Long Island’s history!  (Return to the Top)

PARISH LIFE IN THE LATE 1800’S
Father Brunemann invited the Dominican Fathers for the first parish “Mission” in 1871, one of the earliest such revivals in the history of the diocese. The Mission was more or less an annual fall event for much of this period. The Forty Hours Devotion was also established early in our Parish history, a practice that finds continued life today in our monthly Hours of Adoration. The earlier pastors had to erect buildings, establish institutions and raise the money to do so, typically through special fund-raising events. A summer festival or “church fair” around August 15 was very common. Parish societies sponsored events of a purely social nature: boat rides, ice-cream socials, picnics and even concerts and lectures. After 1890, an annual St. Patrick’s Day concert and lecture became a regular feature for many years. Almost from its inception in 1877 the children of the parish school presented “entertainments”, first at one of the local hotels, and after 1909 in the “Lyceum” of the new school. The children were trained to sing dance, act, recite and create “tableaux vivants” by their teachers. Patriotic themes were highly prized on these occasions. The show itself would run several nights and raise much-needed funds for the school. This custom seems to have continued on through the era of the Sacred Heart Brothers. (1909-1940)

Parish societies began to increase in number under Fathers Murphy and Zimmer. For example, by 1885, there existed the Sacred Heart Society and the Sodalities of the Blessed Virgin, the Holy Angels, and the Infant Jesus. The Holy Name Society started in 1905, with a Junior Holy Name within a few years. A parish choir has an active calendar by the 1890’s, and even a parish school band performs after 1904. In 1898 the Maris Stella Council of the Knights of Columbus was founded, and by 1906 the state Knights of Columbus convention was held at one of the Far Rockaway hotels.  (Return to the Top)

THE INTERESTING PRIESTLY LIFE OF A PARISHIONER OF ST. MARY’S
Monsignor William T. McGuirl was one of the greatest church-builders in the history of the Diocese of Brooklyn when he died in 1933 as pastor of St. Joseph church on Pacific Street. But few now remember this capable cleric who in fact celebrated his first Mass in our parish church on April 3, 1885. In his priestly lifetime he erected five churches, a convent and two schools. Born in County Leitrim in Ireland, his family emigrated to Far Rockaway in 1863 when young William was four years of age. His father James opened a grocery store in the town. He had been one of the first six graduates at St. John’s College (later University) on Lewis Avenue in Brooklyn, and at his death his sister Mary bequeathed a scholarship to St. John’s University in his name. Young William then attended the seminary of Our Lady of the Angels in Niagara, and the Far Rockaway newspapers would report his occasional vacations at home with his family. He was the first one to celebrate Mass in what is now the parish of St. Sebastian in Woodside in 1894. In 1895 he became pastor of Visitation parish in Brooklyn, but after one year there, the church burned to the ground, leaving him the unenviable task of rebuilding. What he built there, however, is a gem of Gothic architecture. (An interesting point is that another son of St. Mary’s, Monsignor John Waldron, would be pastor of the Visitation from 1986 to 1998). Monsignor Mc Guirl also was responsible for the church buildings at St. Rita in Queens and St. Michael and St. Joseph in Brooklyn, as well as a new school at the latter. He served as police chaplain to the NYPD from 1906 until 1919, and was Vicar Forane in the diocese. Another claim to fame is that he sponsored the young Thomas E. Molloy to the seminary, who was to become Bishop of Brooklyn from 1921 to 1956. He was given a police inspector’s funeral to which over 1,500 people came. One of his obituaries noted the following:

The pastor of St. Joseph’s was a truly remarkable character, loved by his priests and revered by his people. He was a companion of the great and a true friend of the lowly. Fair and square in all his dealings, he played no favorites. He was a man of rigid honesty whose word was his bond. He was a tender, fatherly pastor to his flock and a forceful, energetic and withal prudent leader in civic affairs. He was a princely host and a clever toastmaster, renowned for his wit and humor. He was a very able preacher and a highly competent executive. He was a kind and generous patron of the poor. Monsignor William T. Mc Guirl is buried with other members of his family in our parish cemetery in Lawrence. (Return to the Top)

ST. MARY’S FIFTH PASTOR
The Rev. Herbert F. Farrell, V.F., was born in Brooklyn in 1865 and ordained at St. Mary’s Seminary in Baltimore in 1888. While an associate in St. Brigid’s parish in Westbury he became the first Catholic priest elected to the school board. He served as pastor here from 1904 until his death in 1924. He erected the current school building, which was dedicated by Bishop Mc Donnell on September 9, 1909. The architects were Lehman and O’Kane of Far Rockaway; the contractor was P.J. Brennan and Son of Manhattan; and the cost was $125,000. The auditorium (or “Lyceum”, as it was originally known) seated 800 persons, with a balcony and stage. It was modified in the mid-1980’s and serves now as our gymnasium. In 1909 the Brothers of the Sacred Heart began a thirty-one year tenure of teaching the older boys in the school. The Holy Name Society was founded in April 1905. In the period around 1910, the parish had 1700 or more congregants, and double that number in the summer with visitors to the beach. When the cornerstone of St. Francis de Sales church in Belle Harbor was laid in 1907, it was Dean Farrell of St. Mary’s who delivered the sermon. Dramatics flourished in the parish with the staging of numerous new productions, including The Mikado and H.M.S. Pinafore(Return to the Top)

ST. JOSEPH’S HOSPITAL
The Sisters of St. Joseph founded St. Joseph’s Hospital on June 25, 1905. Its first annual report noted service to four hundred patients. By 1956 that number had grown to 7,000. Extensions were added in 1913, 1916 and 1937. By 1956 it had also acquired several residence halls for male and female staff and a large parking area. The annual fund-raising drives for the hospital from the very beginning showed support by the non-Catholic community of Far Rockaway, since all recognized that caring medical service knows no sectarianism. In 1971 it became St. John’s Episcopal Hospital, and is currently the largest employer on the peninsula. The priests of St. Mary’s have served as its chaplains throughout.

During this time St. Mary’s became the mother church to two neighboring missions, which eventually became parishes in their own right: Our Lady of Good Counsel (1910) in Inwood and St. Gertrude (1911) in Edgemere, which became an independent parish in 1923. Under Father Farrell plans were drawn up for a new rectory, but these would await the coming of the next pastor before being realized.  (Return to the Top)

ST. GERTRUDE’S IN EDGEMERE: In 1911, Edgemere was a fashionable summer resort. The immense Edgemere Club Hotel with its hundreds of rooms attracted guests from all over the world, as well as other hotels and many cottages. St. Gertrude’s was established as a mission church of St. Mary’s at first open only in the summer as a convenience for the burgeoning vacation population. Originally located on Edgemere Avenue and B. 35 St., it was built on stilts as a measure against the heavy flooding that was common in those days when drainage and bulkheading were primitive. In 1926 the church was moved to its present location on B. 38 St and Beach Channel Drive which was cut through that same year to provide a second east-west artery through the peninsula. Through all of Edgemere’s drastic economic and social changes, St. Gertrude’s has remained a bastion in the community serving its social and religious needs.  (Return to the Top)

MISSIONS AT INWOOD AND HEWLETT:  In 1908 Father Farrell established a mission at Inwood. As Our Lady of Good Counsel, it became an independent parish in 1910 with the Rev. John J. Mahon as its first pastor. Work on the current church was concluded four years later. It served two groups of immigrants: the Irish who worked as chauffeurs and maids in the great homes of Lawrence, and the Italian-speaking who worked in the Jamaica Bay fisheries. The Immaculate Heart of Mary Sisters opened the parochial school in 1941. Parish programs provide religious education in the years since since the school has closed. St. Mary’s and Our Lady of Good Counsel continue to collaborate on many pastoral activities. (For information about Our Lady of Good Counsel, visit its website by clicking here.)  (Return to the Top)

Father Murphy of St. Mary’s also served St. Joseph’s Parish in Hewlett as a mission between 1875 and 1882.